Thursday, April 25, 2013

Story of Madhurakavi Azhwar - Chithirail Chithirai

Birth of Swami Madhurakavi Azhwar:
“Meshe chithasamudhbhutham pandyadhesay ganamsakam 

Sri parankusa sadhbhaktham madhuram kavimasraye”
In the month of chithirai, in the star of chithirai, as a manifestation of Kumudhan (who was the head of nithyasuris)’, who was born in Pandya dhesam, who was devoted to Parankusa alias Nammazhvar, I take refuge in him. It is also said that Swami Madhurakavi Azhwar was also the amsam of Periathiruvadi, the king of birds, Sri Garudazhvar. Like Vyasar to the samaskritha vedam, our sweet Madhurakavi was the pravvarthakar to Nammazhvar’s thamiz vedam. 


This great poetic azhwar was born in the 883879th year of Dhwapara yukam. Tamil scholars have pointed out 3224 B.C., to be his year of birth. As said earlier, he was born in the month of chithirai, in suklapaksha, in chithra nakshathra, on a Friday, in the divya desam of Thirukolur, near Thirukurugur. He was born in a Srivaishnava Brahmin family belonging to samaveda. 

Since he was well versed in vedha sasthras he could sing poetry with very sweet words. And hence he was called ‘Madhura Kavi’. He was full of jnanam, bhakthi and vairagyam (determination).

Swami Madhurakavi Azhwar meets Swami Nammzhwar: 

One day, when Swami Madhurakavi azhwar was returning to his house after worshiping Perumal, he found an old cow grazing his paddy fields. He started to chase the cow with a long stick in his hand. The cow ran mad and since it was an old cow, it could not run anymore. It fell on its way and soon died. Swami Madhurakavi azhwar realized that something is wrong or Perumal is giving some cues for something to happen. He realized his mistake and wanted to do praayaschitham. He started to go for a pilgrimage to North India, especially to places like Ayodhya, Mathura etc. 

One day, Swami Madhurakavi azhwar finished his daily poojas and was returning to his temporary home in Kaasi then. In that night time, he saw a southern star shining brilliantly in the dark sky. He was amazed by the divine outlook and soon started to follow its path. It started moving south, further south. It reached Thirumala hills. Swami Madhurakavi azhwar thought it would stop there. It did not. It traveled till south. Reached Thiruvallikeni, then Srirgangam but still would not stop. It still traveled south. It reached Thirumaalirunjolamalai, Srivilliputhur. But still would not stop. Our Swami Madhurakavi azhwar would not give up too. It proceeded further south towards Thirukuruhoor where it finally stopped. Swami Madhurakavi azhwar asked some of the inhabitants of that place “Is there something special in this place? People started to tell about Swami Nammazhwar. Madhurakavi azhwar got interested in this but still wanted to test our Swami Nammazhwar. 


Swami Nammazhwar under Tamarind Tree in ThiruKurugoor

He went towards azhwar who meditating deeply with his legs crossed and hands in chin mudrai pose. Swami Madhurakavi azhwar thought that azhwar was deaf and dumb. He took a small stone and threw it in the lotus pond nearby. Now that was the first time, azhwar would ever open his divine lotus eyes. So it was confirmed that azhwar was not deaf. But Madhurakavi azhwar wanted to make sure that azhwar was not dumb either. So he asked a question “Seththathin vayitril siru kutti pirandhaal etrai thindru enge kidakum? Azhwar replied “Atrai thindru ange kidakum”. We don’t understand what the question means, leave alone Swami Namazhwar’s answer to the esoteric question in the first place. But our poorvaachaaryargal, fortunately for us have given us the vyaakyaanams through which we are able to relish every aspect of our sampradhaayam. 



The peripheral meaning of the question: “If a small thing is born into a dead thing, what will it do and where will it be”? The meaning of azhwar’s reply was “It will eat that and stay there”. Nothing could be understood if not for our great aachaaryas who had provided us with the inner meaning. The inner meaning of the question: “Seththadhu” – body, “siru kutti” – soul. “vayiru” – stomach. Madhurakavi azhwar asked “what will the soul do when it enters an inactive body / stomach?” The concept is that when a soul enters a body, the body gets life. The soul is able to enjoy as well as suffer everything through the body. When it enters the body, the soul forgets its true nature (swaroopam) and thinks that the body is everything. It eats and lives on whatever the body earns as paapams and punyams. Once the body is dead, the soul departs. So, till the time the soul is present, it has to suffer and enjoy all the feelings of the body. But once the soul realizes its true nature that it is the servant of Sriman Naarayanan and peforms Saranaagathi, the soul gets liberated from the cycle of births and deaths. But until, that happens, it has to undergo all the pangs that a body has to undergo.



This was Swami Madhurakavi azhwar’s intention in his question. Our azhwar’s answer was equally cryptic and brief. The inner meaning of our azhwar’s answer was “It will stay there. Eat whatever the body eats (i.e, enjoys the likes and dislikes of the body). It will be there till it leaves the body”.  


Swami Madhurakavi Azhwar and Swami Nammazhwar 

Swami Madhurakavi azhwar was amazed by Swami Nammazhwar’s knowledge and asked Swami Nammazhwar to accept him as his disciple. Swami Nammazhwar readily agreed and asked him to help him in composing his works. Swami Nammazhwar wrote 1,296 out of 4,000 divya prabandham. The split of 1196 paasuram is as follows. 



(1) Thiruvirutham : A collection of 100 paasurams that is the essence of Rig Veda. 

(2) Thiruvaasiriyam: A collection of 7 paasurams that is the essence of Yajur Veda 
(3) Periya Thiruvandhaadhi: A collection of 87 verses that is the essence of Atharvana Veda and lastly 
(4) Thivaaimozhi: A collection of 1102 verses that is the essence of Sama Veda.

Azhwar gave the essence of all the four Vedas in the language of the masses called “thamizh”. For this reason, he is called as “Vedam thamizh seydha maaran” or “Maaran who translated Vedam into thamizh”. Out of these four works, Thiruvaaimozhi stands out. It is a magnum opus that is simply unparalleled for its literary composition, musical language, vedic essence that is impregnated in it and much more. He sang 36 dhivya desa Perumaals within his first 32 years. All those Perumals sung by Swami Nammazhwar can still be found in the mural walls around the tamarind tree. 

Swami Madhurakavi Azhwar after Swami Nammazhwar’s time

Swami Nammazhwar left his mortal coils when he completed 35 years. His mortal body is under the tamarind tree where he lived. In that area, they have erected a shrine (sannidhi) for Nammazhwar inside the Aadhinaadhan sannidhi. During the last moments of Nammazhwar’s life, Swami Madhurakavi azhwar requested that he be blessed with Swami Nammazhwar’s idol. Azhwar told “Oh! Madhurakavi. Please go to thamaraparni river, fetch some water and use that copper in it to get my idol”. Madhurakavi azhwar followed azhwar’s instructions. He took with him some great vedic scholars to thamaraparani river, fetched some water, performed penance and pooja for seven days continuously and boiled and distilled that water. At the end of this process, a statue emerged with his hands in a worshipping position (koopiya kaigaludan). But it was not azhwar’s statue but of somebody else’s. Madhurakavi azhwar was very befuddled as to who is this person who is in the statue form. 

He was very upset and prayed to Swami Nammazhwar “Swami. What is this sport of yours? Adiyen wanted to have your idol and you have given me somebody else”. Azhwar replied smilingly “Do not worry Madhurakavi. That idol is that of the great Jagadhaacharyan who is going to remove the darkness in this whole world, spread the knowledge about Srivaishnavism throughout. His name would be “Ramanuja. Poliga!! Poliga!! Poliga!!” “Poliga, Poliga, Poliga” is how azhwar blesses everybody. He uses this phrase in this thiruvaaimozhi and also uses this whenever he wants to bless anyone. Azhwar showed his right feet and made sure that Swami Ramanujar’s form is visible there. After that azhwar kept Swami Ramanuja’s idol near the tamarind tree and asked Swami Madhurakavi azhwar to start the process again. Swami Madhurakavi azhwar repeated the procedure and this time, a bright resplendent idol of our Swami Nammazhwar appeared before him. A powerful light from Swami Nammazhwar’s mortal body transformed to the idol. This is the idol that we see today in Thirukurugoor. In this dhivya desam, the importance is given to Swami Nammazhwar rather than to “Polindha nindra piraan” and “Aadhinaadhan”. Every year during vaigaasi visaakam, people celebrate azhwar’s thirunakshatram with so much pomp. “Undo vaaigaasi visaaagathirku opporu naal” is what Swami Manavaala Maamunigal exclaims in his Upadesa Rathina Maalai.

Swami Nammazhwar was under the care of his parents for his first 16 years. For the rest of his life, it was Swami Madhurakavi azhwar who took care of azhwar. At the completion of 35 years, azhwar wanted to attain moksham. But Perumal asked him to spread and educate about dhivya prabandham to all people in the world. Swami Nammazhwar replied him that his sishya Madhurakavi will complete that task and he was ready to go to Srivaikuntam. During that time, Swami Madhurakavi azhwar asked him “Swami. Please do grant me moksham. Let me also accompany you and serve you there. Adiyen don’t want to get separated from you. Swami Nammazhwar blessed Swami Madhurakavi azhwar with his “Poliga!! Poliga!! Poliga!! He replied “Oh! My dear sishya!! It is only you who can do the task of spreading dhivya prabandham successfully to the masses in this world. You will have to impart the essence of that to everyone continuously. You will be blessed by Polindha nindra Piraan and shall always be with you in your chitham”.

After Swami Nammazhwar departed this leela viboothi, Swami Madhurakai azhwar was very sad. He was always under the tamarind tree thinking about his dearest azhwar. He was always in the task of improving azhwar’s sannidhi and making sure each year the azhwar’s festival is being celebrated in a grand manner. Swami Nammazhwar was given various names like Kari Marar, Satagopar, Parankusar, Thirukurugur Nambi, Thiruvazhuthi valanadar, Thirunagari Perumal, Thiruvaai Mozhi Perumal, Magizh Malai Maran


Swami Madhurakavi  Azhwar tested:



Time passed by. Every year it was a gala time during vaigaaasi visaakam. One particular year, when Swami Madhurakavi azhwar was taking azhwar’s idol in a procession during the celebrations, some poets from Madurai Thamizh Sangam (Club) stopped Swami Madhurakavi azhwar and questioned him “Oh! Madhurakavi!! What is that you are doing? You are worshipping Nammzhwar. He is a just a bhakta not bhagavaan. Moreover, is he “sangam” certified? Has his works been certified by Madurai Thamizh Sangam as “authentic, original and of the highest quality”? Above all, is he qualified enough to translate the Vedas into thamizh”? Swami Madhurakavi azhwar was not only taken aback but also was completely disappointed at these half baked cynics. 



He went to azhwar’s sannidhi and pleaded “Azhweer!! Those guys will have to be taught a lesson. Please do something. Otherwise I will die without eating”. He went back to his house after crying for a long time. At that time, azhwar appeared before Swami Madhurakavi azhwar in a disguised form. He came in the form of an old man and asked Swami Madhurakavi azhwar about his reason for his grief. Swami Madhurakavi azhwar repeated the story to the old man. The old man replied “Do not worry. “Kannan Kazhalinai” will support you always”. 






Swami Madhurakavi azhwar realized that the old man was none other than Swami Nammazhwar. He wrote the paasuram “kaNNan kazaliNai naNNum manamudaiyeer eNNum thiru_naamam thiNNam naaraNamE” and proceeded to Madurai to meet the sangam poets. He gave that two lined paasuram to the poets and asked them to read. The poets read and started ridiculing Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. He asked all the poets to stand in sanga palagai (boat) in the Golden Temple Pond (Potraamarai Kulam) in Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple. After all the poets were in, Swami Madhurakavi azhwar just kept the one olai chuvadi (a small leaf in which people write in olden times) in the) in which he had written “Kannam Kazhalinai…” of Thiruvaaimozhi. The whole boat topsided all the poets. They swam hard and with much difficulty reached the shore. To their astonishment, they found that it retained only that olai chuvadi alone that had the “Kannan kazhilinai”. Their ego was brought down and they realized about Swami Nammazhwar now. Each one of them wrote about Nammazhwar’s greatness separately. When they collectively published their works, to their surprise one more time, they found that everybody’s poems accepted Swami Nammazhwar as Sriman Naarayanan himself. If we join just the first words of all those poets this was what resulted in:



”semankurugaiyo saiya thiruparkadalo 

Namam parankusamo naranamo—thaman 

Thulavo vagulamo tholirando nangu 

Mulavo perumanunakku” 

Swami Madhurakavi azhwar was complete ectasic and was praising the lotus feet of Swami Nammazhwar again.

Prathama parva nishtai vs Charama Parva Nishtai: There are many ways to reach Sriman Naarayanan. Some of the ways are karma yogam, gyana yogam and bhakti yogam. But all those are not easy. They are extremely tough. An easier way to reach is through performing total surrender to the lotus feet of Sriman Naarayanan, realizing the fact that we do not have anything to reach Perumal. We have surrended our everything to HIM. He will take care. This is called prapatti or charanaagathi. This is what all the 10 azhwars (excluding Swami Madhurakavi azhwar and our sweet Andal) did. They did not go through a regular, typical acharyan. Instead they directly went and dealt with Perumal. But there is a catch in this approach of the regular 10 azhwars as well. Since Perumal is independent (swaathanthriyan) he may or may not grant moksham to us. He can do whatever He likes to do. So there is no guarantee for us because His jaathi is different (Paramaathma jaathi) and our jaathi is different (jeevaathma jaathi). So what is the easiest of all approaches. It is nothing but to go through an aacharyan. There is no question of uncertainty in this approach followed by our Andal and Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. Why? Because, the aachaaryan himself is the Lotus feet of Sriman Naarayanan. If we seek refuge at the lotus feet, then Perumal cannot escape. He is bound (dependent). Swami Madhurakavi azhwar and our Kodhai did this and regarded their acharyan as everything for them. This approach is called the charama parva nisthai which is considered one step higher than prathama parva nishtai.  

Swami Pillai Lokaacharyar says this as “bhaktiyil ashaktanuku prapatti, prapattiyil ashaktanuku idhu” in his SriVachana Booshanam. Idhu refers to going via "aacharya prathipatthi / acharya abhimaanam". In azhwars, we saw that Swami Madhurakavi azhwar and Andal chose this approach. In acharyas, vaduga nambigal chose this. He regarded Swami Ramanuja as everything for him. He would not even pay attention to Perumal utsavam in the streets. Rather he would concenterate in cooling the milk that he would offer for Swami Ramanuja. He will not bear when Swami Ramanuja tastes it and find it hot to drink. During Ramayanam, Shathrughnan chose this approach. He regarded Bharathan who was an adiyar for Perumal as everything to him. So in our sampradhaaam, people who regard their "adiyaarku adiyaarku adiyaarku adiyaarku adiyaar" are celebrated than those who regard Perumal. It is because if we regard Perumal as everything, then we are having only Him in our heart. If we have His adiyaar, then we are not only having that adiyaar but also Perumaal. Likewise it goes on and on. To illustrate this point, Madhurakavi azhwar came into this world.

Why was Swami Madhurakavi azhwar born on Chithirai Chithirai?: There is one more thing to be noted in his avathaaram. His thirunakshatram was chithirail chithirai. chithirai is the 14th nakshatram of the 27 nakshatrams. 14 is the exact middle number between 1 and 27. So that should mean he is born to say something about a middle thathuvam. What is that middle thathuvam? It is nothing but the namo shabdam in the thirumanthiram which is “Om Namo Naarayanaaya”. Om means we are slave to our Master. Naarayanaa means we have to do our kainkaryam to Him and only to HIM (etraikum ezh ezh piravikum undhanodu uttrome aavom umake yam aatcheyvom). Namo (Namaha) –Swami Pillai Lokachariyar says in his 79th choornikai in Thirumanthira Prakaranam in Mumuksupadi “maha engira ithaal thanu uriyan engiradhu, “na” endru athai thavirkiradhu”. This means “enaku naan allen” which is “I don’t exist to satisfy me (this body). I am existing to serve HIM”. Well then we may get a doubt. When does Madhurakavi azhwar wanted to say this? The meaning of Namaha that we saw just above is the superficial meaning. However, on going deep, we can see the real meaning, i.e. “we are not for us. And also we are not for Perumaal. We are there for His adiyaar who can be our direct acharyar.”. That is the real meaning of namaha and that is why Madhurakavi azhwar was born in chithiraiyil chithirial (in the month of chithra and chitrai nakshtram).

Swami Madhurakavi Azhwar’s Prabandham: Let us take one pasuram from his dhivya prandham and relish it.

“naavinaal navitru inbam eydhineen  

mevinen avan ponnadi meimaye  

Thevu matrariyen kurugoor nimbi 

paavin innisai paadi thiruvane”



This is an absolutely amazing paasuram. It is the second of the total 11 paasurams. Before explaining the paasuram , let us know about the condition of Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. As we saw above, he regarded Swami Nammazhwar as everything. He does not even know if there exists other gods. While all the other azhwars suffered terribly to see Perumal, Swami Madhurakavi azhwar cared a damn for HIM. His only work is to sing about his nammazwar and his works. So he does not even know about Perumal. This quality of Swami Madhurakavi azhwar caught Perumal’s attention. He wanted to give darisanam to Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. He came and appeared before Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. But our azhwar did not even recognize HIM. Now Perumal is in the same state as other azhwars who craved to see HIM. Perumal wanted Swami Madhurakavi azhwar just to glance HIM from a distance. But out azhwar was least bothered. He does not even have time for other things except to glorify Swami Nammazhwar. So in an effort to make swami Madhurakavi azhwar, Perumal came well dressed (kola thiruvuru). He appeared with his black hued body (kariya). In addition, He appeared with HIS consort (Thiru). In the third paasuram, Swami Madhurakavi azhwar says “Kariya Kola thiru uru kaanben”. Perumal is doing everything that He can to make this azhwar see. Now why does HE has to do all this. Now Perumal is in love with Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. Normally, people dress up well if they are meeting for the first time in their love. As time progresss and they get married, they care least about appearances because it is all fixed. The marriage has been over and so no need to bother about the appearances. But Perumal is now in a state of tension. He somehow wants to win over Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. So He comes up with HIS most beautiful color, with HIS consort and HE dresses Himself so beautifully to catch azhwar’s attention. Perumal did all these stunts for our azhwar whereas all the other 10 azhwars did all these for Perumaal. Now we can see who is higher and what is highest. If one gets the idea that adiyaar’s adiyaar is what matters of all, then Perumal comes and craves for attention for us. If we consider Perumaal as everything, then it is the other way round.



So with this background, let us see this paasuram. People asked Swami Madhurakavi azhwar , “Swami. You say you do not know anyone except your Nammazhwar. But see what he had sung. He had sung “agalagillen irayumenru alar mel mangai urai maarbaa…… un adi keezh amarndhu pugundhene (Thiruvaaimozhi, 6,10,10). Even your Nammazhwar did charanaagathi to Perumaal. But you refused to do charanaagathi to our Perumaal. Why do you regard Swami Nammazhwar as everything for you? Can he pave way for aishwaryam in this world? Can he show the path to moksham? Can he be your swami? Even if he shows the moksham, can he entertain you till you leave this materialistic world? Swami Madhurakavi azhwar replies to all these four questions in the paasuram. He says, Yes, He will pave way for this world’s aishwaryam”. How? It is by singing his paasuram using my tongue that I will be happy in this world. This is the first line’s explanation (naavinaal navitru inbam eyidhineen) Then the other people asked him,”Swami. What are you saying? Everybody talks and sings using tongue. It is like saying “Kannaara paarthal, Kaadhala ketal”.Why are you highlighting this as a special point. Swami Madhurakavi azhwar says “You don’t even have to know the meaning of Thiruvaaimozhi to relish it. Even if you tell with your tongue just for the sake of telling it, it will take you to an exalted state”. I just recited Thiruvaaimozhi with just a superficial mindset and even then it had given me utmost happiness. Note the tense here. For Swami Madhurakavi azhwar everything is certainty unlike other azhwars. He says everything in past tense. I attained happiness (eyidhenen). But all other azhwars state is not like that. Swami Nammazhwar says “Kaana vaaraai Kaaana vaaraai”,i.e., come and give darisanam to me. They have craved. But our azhwar says with certainty, I did charangathi to ahzwar. He got me moksham. Everything is past tense. Its over. There is no sufferings for him. Its all over. Such is the significance of going through the acharyan. There is not surity in the 10 azhwars’ approach – which is the prathama parva nishtai.



The people around asked “Okay. You say your azhwar will pave way for this world’s aishwarayam. But nammazhwar is a jeevathma. Can he show the path to Moksham? To this, Swami Madhurakavi azhwar says “Mevinen avan ponnadi meimaye”, i.e., I took refuge under Swami Nammazhwar’s feet. It had fetched me moksham (look at the past tense again here). The other people around him now asked, “Can he be your swami? To this, our azhwar says, “Thevu matru ariyen kurugoor nimbi”. The meaning is that he does not even know anyone except Swami Nammazhwar. First of all, he does not even knew that there existed other gods except Swami Nammazhwar. Only when Swami Nammazhwar told about Krishnan, he came to know of him and even then he is least bothered about Krishnan.  



The other people continued “Okay Swami. Everything looks fine. Can your Swami Nammazhwar entertain the time period between when a person did charanaagathi and till he gets moksham? Swami Madhurakaviazhwar says “Yes. He will entertain everyone and anyone with his mellifluous Thirvaaimozhi”. It is set in an excellent musical form. So this is “Paavin inisai paadi thirivane”. Innisai – beautiful musical work (refers to Thiruvaaimozhi).

Such is the state of Swami Madhurakavi azhwar. His work Kanninum Siru thaambu is just 11 paasuram in number. But this 11 paasuram fetched us the whole 4,000 Divya prabandham through Swami Naadhamuni. It is a must for all of us to know the meaning of this important divya prabandham and to relish Swami Madhurakavi azhwar’s ecstatic experience of Swami Nammazhwar.

Mathimamaam padha porulai vaazhvithaan Vaazhiye!!!

The Thirumanthiram has three parts to it, namely "OM", "Namaha" and "Narayanaaya". OM signifies that the jeevathama is a slave to Sriman Narayanan and only to Sriman Narayanan.  Namaha signifies that "the jeevathama is not for himself", i.e., not for him to enjoy himself. It also says that "I am not repsonsible for my moksham. Only your Nirhetuka Krupai is the reason for my moksham. Even the thought that I have done prapati and will get moksham will not be a cause for my moksham because again it is driven by Perumal's Nirhetuka Krupai. Namaha signifies "enaku naan allen". The third part namely "Naarayanaaya" says that this "jeevathma who is a slave forever to only Sriman Narayanana, after relinquishing all his ways to save himself, have come unto the Lotus feet of Sriman Narayananan. After reaching there, the jeevathma will do kainkaraym to Lord Sriman Naryanan and his adiyaars.

Thirupallandu is said to be the "OM" part of the thirumanthiram and Kanninum Siruthambu is the "Namaha" and finally "Thiruvaimozhi" is the Naarayanaya. In addition to the aforementioned meanings, there is a deeper meaning of Thirumanthiram. More than being a slave to Lord Sriman Naryanan, it says that jeevathama is a slave to HIS adiyaarku adiyaarku..... Similarly, on the namaha side, when the jeevathama recognizes that he does not have anything to protect, only Acharya abhimanam can protect him and not the abhimanam that jeevathama has on his acharyan. Similarly on the Narayanana part, it is doing kainkaryam to Lord Sriman Narayanan and his adiyaars for purely their enjoyment and not for a jeevathama's enjoyment. After seeing the enjoyment on their faces,  a jeevathama can feel happy or sad but apart from that no personal reasons attached here. Since each of the three prabandhams talk in detail about these three, they associated each one of them to one of the three padhams in Thirumanthiram. The middle part (Namaha) is expounded by Kannium Siruthambu and so people celebrate Madhurakavi Azhwar as "Mathimamaam Padha Porulai Vaazhvithan Vaazhiye".

Swami Madhurakavi Azhwar’s Vaazhi Thirinaamam

Let us sing pallandu to this great azhwar:

"Chithiraiil chithirai thirunal sirakka vandhon vazhiye!!!
Thirukolur avadharitha selvanar vazhiye !!!
Uthira ganga theerathu uyartha vandhon vazhiye !!!
olikadhiron therkku thikku ugandhu vandhon vazhiye !!!
Patthiyodu padhinondrum paadinar vazhiye !!!
Parankusane paran endru pattrinan vazhiye !!!
Mathimamam padhapporulai vazhvithan vazhiye !!!
Madhurakavi thiruvadigal vazhi vazhi vazhiye!!!

Azhwar Emberumaanar Jeeyar Thiruvadigale sharanam

Friday, March 22, 2013

Kainkaryam and its types

This is entirely based off of Sri.U.Ve.Dr. M.A. Venkatakrishnan swami's upanyasam on Kanninum Siruthaambu. All credits goes to him and adiyen's acharyan. Anything that is written wrong is purely due to adiyen's ignorance.

Kainkaryam is completely dedicated service that one does towards Perumal and Piraati, HIS devotees and one's acharyan, not for the one's enjoyment but purely for the enjoyment of the ones towards whom it is done. It can be classified into three types namely:

(1) Bhagavadh Kainkaryam = Kainkaryam to Perumal
(2) Bhaagavatha Kainkaryam = Kainkaryam to Perumal's devotees 
(3) Acharya Kainkaryam = Kainkaryam to one's achayan (guru)

The first level of kainkaryam is to do "Bhagavadh Kainkaryam", i.e., doing kainkaryam to Perumal. The next level is to do "Bhaagavatha kainkaryam" or doing kainkarayam to HIS devotees and the final step is doing kainkaryam to one's acharyan. These three are impregnated in the "Thirumanthram"'s three padham namely "Om", "Namaha" and "Narayanaya".

1) Bhagavadh Kainkaryam: This is found in "OM", where it is very clearly said that "a jeevathama (represented by "ma") is subservient to Perumal and only Perumal, who is represented by "Aa". Thus, "seshathvam" or being the servant and doing kainkaryam to Perumal, the MASTER, is what is revealed here.

2) Bhaagavatha Kainkaryam: This is found in "Namaha". Swami Pillailokacharyar in his "Mumukushupadi" soothram #89, says that "utradhum un adiyarku adimai engirapadiye idhile bhaagavadha seshathvamum anusandheyam". That is Swami Pillailokacharyar takes reference from Swami Thirumangai azhwar's Periya Thirumozhi 8.10.3 that says "matrum or dheivam uladhu endru irupaarodu utrilen, utradhum un adiyaku adimai matrellam pesilum nin thiruvetezhuthum katru naan kannapurathurai ammane". The Lord at Thirukannapuram asks Swami Thirumangai azhwar "what is that you have learned from Thirumanthram that I told you". Azhwar replies, "There are lot of things in Thirumanthram (matrellam pesilum). But what I learned as the crux is that I am subservient to YOUR adiyaar"s (un adiyaarku adimai). Hence, "Namaha" signifies Bhaagavatha seshathvam. We can also see Swami Madhurakavi azhwar's history starting from his thiru avathara nakshatram, They say "Mathimaam padha porulai vaazhvithaan vaazhiye". He is the one who came to enlighten the middle padham of "Namaha" and so was born in the exact middle star of "chithirai", i.e., the 14th one among the 27 nakshatrams.

3) Acharya Kainkaryam: This is represented in "Naarayanaaya", the third and the final padham in Thirumanthram. "Naarayanaaya" is doing kainkaryam to "Sriman Narayanan". But here, we should get a question. It only means that "do kainkaryam to Sriman Narayanan. Where does "acharyan" come into picture here? The answer is that "Naarayanaaya" means doing all kainkaryam towards Lord Sriman Narayanan that would please HIM. HE is the most pleased when HE sees us doing "acharya kainkaryam". So, doing "Acharya kainkaryam" is equivalent to doing "Bhagavadh Kainkaryam". Hence "Naarayanaaya" signifies "doing kainkaryam to acharyan".

So, as a recap, we can see that the first conventional level is doing kainkaryam to Perumal, the second conventional level is doing kainkaryam to devotees and the last conventional level is doing kainkaryam to acharyan. For the lack of better word, let us call these conventional steps of doing kainkaryam.

Now, with this background, let us consider the choorikai #412 in Srivachanabushanam. Swami Pillailokacharyar says

"praapyathuku prathama parvam aacharya kainkaryam, madhyama parvam bhagavadh kainkaryam, charama parvam bhaagavatha kainkaryam". 

The overall meaning is that "the first level is doing kainkaryam to acharyan; the second level is doing kainkaryam to Perumal HIMSELF and the last level is doing kainkaryam to devotees. Swami Pillailokacharyar has given the kainkaryams in a different order in Srivachanabushanam than what we saw as "conventional level of kainkaryam" earlier. So we may get a confusion as to why did he say it in this order. The answer is as follows:

It will be easy if it is in story format. So imagine that in front of us, Perumal is standing. On one side of Perumal, there are bunch of his devotees, and on the other side, our acharyan is standing. Now, we are standing in front of these three (Perumal, HIS devotees, our acharyan). Now, as per the conventional order of doing kainkaryam that we saw in the earlier part of this article, the first one is to do kainkaryam to Perumal, then HIS devotees and only at last we should do kainkaryam to Acharyan. With this thought, we realize that we should go to Perumal first and do kainkarayam to HIM. So we take a step and stand in front of HIM and ask HIM. 

SCENE 1
Adiyen: Oh! Perumaale! Adiyen wants to do kainkaryam to YOU first and want to make YOU happy by my kainkaryam.
Perumal: Is that so? Okay. Do kainkaryam
Adiyen did a few kainkaryam like getting flowers, washing vessels for HIS food etc.
Adiyen: Perumale!!! Adiyen has finished all kainkaryam possible to YOU right now. However, adiyen does not see 100% happiness on devareer's face. Can you tell me what can make YOU 100% happy?
Perumal: I like all your kainkaryam that you did. But I will be 100% happy only if you go and do kainkarayam to your acharyan.
So adiyen went to my acharyan and did kainkaryam to him. Only after seeing the kainkaryam that adiyen did towards my acharyan, Perumal was 100% happy now.

The next conventional level , i.e. the second level is to do kainkaryam to Bhaagavathas. So adiyen went to bhaagavathas, keping in mind that devotees are the second level in the order.

SCENE 2
Adiyen: Aragan thirumutrathu adiyaargale!!! Can adiyen do kainkaryam to you people? 
Devotees: Yes you can definitely do.
Adiyen started to massage all of their holy feet, took very good care of them, washed their clothes, served them with good food etc. Seeing this, the devotees were pleased however adiyen could not see 100% satisfaction in their faces.
Adiyen: Adiyaargale! Adiyen can see that your faces are not 100% happy. What can I do to make you happy?
Devotees: - We will all be 100% happy only if we do kainkaryam to Perumal. 
Adiyen immediately went to Perumal again with the thought that "as a part of bhaagvatha kainkaryam, adiyen should do Bhagavadh kainkaryam. Only then bhaagavathas will be 100% happy. So, adiyen went to Perumal again and does kainkaryam to HIM. Only thiw brought 100% happiness to the bhaagavathaas. 

The last conventional level is doing acharya kainkaryam. So adiyen went to my acharyan with the thought that doing acharya kainkaryam is the last level.


SCENE 3
Adiyen: "Acharyane!!! Can adiyen do kainkaryam to devareer?
Acharyan: Yes! You may start your kainkaryam. Please massage my feet for sometime as I am little bit tired. After that please take care of administrative expenses of our thirumaligai.
Adiyen gladly accepted his orders and did kainkaryam but he was not 100% happy.
Adiyen: Acharyane!!!! Adiyen can see that you are not 100% happy. What can adiyen do for you to make 100% happy?
Acharyan: Hey sishya!!! I will be happy only if you go and do kainkaryam to Perumal's devotees. Only that will bring 100% happiness to me.
Adiyen immediately went to devotees with the thought that "as a part of acharya kainkaryam , adiyen should do bhaagavatha kainkaryam. only then acharyan will be 100%  happy. Adiyen did kainkaryam to devotees immediately and only that brought 100% happiness in my acharyan's face.

So, now if we read the choornikai #412 with this story in mind we can understand somethings.

This is why Swami Pillailokacharyar says in the order in which it is there in #412 choornikai anove. The first step is doing acharya kainkaryam (i.e., recognizing that doing this acharya kainkaryam is the most integral part of doing Bhagavadh kainkaryam - the first conventional level). This is why he says, the second step is doing kainkaryam to Perumal (i.e., recognizing that doing this bhagavadh kainkaryam is the most integral part of doing bhaagavatha kainkaraym - the second conventional level). This is why he says, the last step is doing kainkaryam to devotees (i.e., recognizing that doing this bhaagavatha kainkaryam is the integral part of doing acharya Kainkaryam - the last conventional level)

So, Swami Pillailokacharyar has deliberately changed the conventional his order of words in his 412th choornikai yet told the same conventional levels of kainkaryam. He changed it just to reinforce the thought which with we should do kainkaryam to Peruamal, acharyan and devotees. What a wonderful swami and a wonderful work!!!

So, with this story, the important point is that, we cannot just stop with doing kainkaryam to just one. We need to do to all of them. As one crosses each conventional level in each of the scene above, each of the 3 persons (Perumal, bhagavathas and Acharyan) are satisfied in the scenes. So one does "bhagavadh kainkaryam" first and as a part of doing it, does "acharya kainkaryam". Then one does "bhaagavatha kainkaryam" and as a part of doing it, finishes "Bhagavadh kainkaryam". Lastly, one does "Acharya Kainkaryam" and as a part of it, finishes "Bhaagavadha kainkaryam". So let us assume Bhagavadh kainkaryam is represented by "1", "bhaagavatha kainkaryam" by "2" and "Acharya kainkaryam" by "3". So, as we do 1,2,3 in that order we automatically have to do 3,1 and 2 respectively that are an inherent part of 1,2 and 3. 3 is inherent part of 1. 1 is an inherent part of 2 and 2 is an inherent part of 3. So, we should always do kainkaryam to all of the three.

Wednesday, March 13, 2013

God vs God's idol

In our srivaishnava sampradhyam it is profanely wrong to say that Perumal is a statue or idol. This is not because they want us to believe that we should assume the idol per se as Perumal but the reality or fact of the matter is that Perumal is verily there as "archa moorthy" in all our homes. HE has five places (a) Paramapadham (b) Milky Ocean (c) Incarnations such as Krishna, Rama etc (d) Inside each and everyone of us and finally as "archa moorthy" in temples and houses. 

Swami ArulalaPerumal Emberumanar says in his 32nd pasuram in Gyana Saaram " 

"maanidavan ennum guruvai malarmagal kon thaan ugandha kolam ulogam ennum ennamadha ennugindra neesar iruvarume ekklaum nanniduvar keezhaa naragu".

That is, he idenfities two person. Person A said that "one's acharyan is just a human just like anyother else and that he does not have anything special or powers etc". Person B said "The archa moorthy in each and everyone's houses or in temples is nothing but a statue or idol made of some kind of metal". Swami Arulala Perumal Emberumanar says these two persons will forever be in hell. At the end of the pralayam if they think their punishment is over and then they will be born as new, they are wrong. For these two persons, how much ever pralayam happens, how much ever time they would have spent in hell , they will born, die, rebon in hell and so no other way out for them. (ekkalum nanniduvar keezhaa naragu).

Swami Pillailokacharyar in his magnum opus Srivachana booshanam, talks about the types of "bhagavath apacharam" in his 303rd choornikai. He tell us a list of 6 actions that falls in this category of "Bhagvath apachaaram".  There are more but he just presents here 6. The choornikai is

 "bhagavath apachaaram aavadhu dhevathaarangal odu eeshwaranai ninaikayum, Rama krishnadhi avathaarangalil manushya sajaatheeyatha buddhiyum, varnashramathuku virodhamaana upachaaramum, archavadharathil uppadhaana nirupanamum, aathma apahaaramum, bhagavath dhravya apahaaramum thodakamaanavai"

1) Perumal is equal to other devanthaaramas, i.e., regarding all the gods as one and the like
2) Since Rama and Krishna incarnated as man, thinking that they are just like us and are equally incapable and powerless as us 
3) Doing what is not prescribed for one's varnaashrama dharmam and not doing what is prescribed for one's varnashrama dharmam
4) Researching on what type of metal, an archa moorthy is made up of
5) Regarding aathma as one's own and not accepting that it is actually Perumal's
6) Usurping all the things that is reserved for Perumal

Swami Pillailokacharyar talks about Bhaagavatha apacharam in the same Srivachana bushanam in another place. Here, he says how cruel is "bhaagavatha apachaaram". To present how cruel it is , he says it is even more cruel than asking someone on what material is a archa-moorthy made up of. This is equal to asking someone if he or she was really born out of his or her/s mother' womb . No one can see from where did they come from and so they have to accept that his mother is his mother because his mother told him. Does any one question that. If someone questions it, how cruel it is. 

Similar is the state of one who questions of which metal an archa moorthy is made up of.So, the point is our poorvacharyas have used this "associating an archa murthy as idol" as a benchmark of comparing how bad an apacharam can be. These apacharams are like equal to asking someone if he or she was really born out of his or her/s mother' womb . No one can see from where did they come from and so they have to accept that his mother is his mother because his mother told him. Does any one question that. The choornikai# 194 to 197 are the ones of relevance. 

194#: "bhaagavatha apchaaram daan aneka vidham", 
195# "adhile ondu avargal pakkam janma niroopanam", 
196# "idhu dhaan archaavadhaarathil upaadhaana smruthyilum kaatil krooram",
197# "Athai maathru yoni parikshai odu okkum endru saasthram sollum".

Thursday, November 1, 2012

Why "Pei" azhwar is called so?

Yesterday, people celebrated Halloween. Though it does not have any relevance to us as Srivaishnavas, we can probably consider this as a chance to learn more about our "Pei" azhwar. 

(1) "Pei"azhwar was born in Mylapore, Chennai in the month of Aipasi and in the star of Sadhayam. 

(2)  The word "pei" means ghost/crazy/mad/weird and so was Peiazhwar with respect to his Lord namely Sriman Narayanan. 

(2.1) Here is a story. Thirumazhisai azhwar, before becoming an azhwar, wandered into different religions like Jainism, Buddhism, Saivam so on and so forth. Peiazhwar happened to know about this and wanted to rectify him. He did not go into argument and fights etc but did what many would consider "weird. On the day when these two azhwars met, Peiazhwar tried to plant a small tree upside down (root facing the sky and the top of the tree under the ground). He put this small tree in a pot that was bottomless and he was watering it as well. Thirumazhisai azhwar could not control his curiosity and asked him "What are you doing? How could the plant grow if you put it upside down and in addition to it if the bottom is open, how will it get support? This does not make sense". Peiazhwar replied if you think your siva or buddha or other god can grant you moksham why can't this plant grow if I do like this? Thirumazhisai azhwar , at that very instant, due to HIS divine grace, knew what he was doing till then was utterly useless that would have led him nowhere. He immediately prostrated before Peiazhwar and surrendered to him. He became Thirumazhisaiazhwar. 


(2.2) "Notru suvargam" pasuram in Thirupavai is for Peiazhwar for many reasons but let us focus on points relevant to why "Pei"azhwar is called so. Whenever he has certain anubhavam of Perumal, which only he knows and can feel, he starts to sing, jumps up and down, dances. People who might see him may think he is weird and so "pei". That is why Andal says "Thetramaai vandhu thira" when she wakes up this azhwar. Because he may be in ecstasy in his house jumping up and down. So Andal gives some time for him to adjust himself accordingly and come oustside to meet the bhagavaatha kuzhaam who is waiting outside
Peiazhwar
3) The word "pei" means "big" or "periya" in thamizh. For example, we say "Pei Mazhai" to refer to large amount of rain. In Sanskrit, he goes by "Mahadaahvaya". "Maha" is associated with big or "periya", just like how Periya Nambi is knowns as "Mahaa Poornar". "Pei" or just the syllable "Pe" both means big. So Peiazhwar can be also broken into "Pe" + "Azhwar". For example, "Perinbam" or "Pe" + "inbam" becomes "perinbam" based on grammar. Similarly "Pe"+ "azhwar" becomes Peiazhwar.In thamizh, "Pei" and "Pe" both can be used for the same meaning of big/great. He is Periya azhwar (great azhwar) because of many reasons:

(3.1) He is whom is being identified with "Parama bhakti" level that is celebrated at the highest pedestal among Para bhakti, Para Gyaana and Parama Bhakti. The first 2 azhwars are associated with first two. However, it does not mean the other two did not have parama bhakti. It is for epresentative purposes based on azhwar's pasurams. The "parama bhakti" level is where one cannot live anymore if Sriman Narayanan cannot come and grace HIM that second.

(3.2) He is the first azhwar to see "Sriman Narayanan" (Perumal and Pirati together), thanks to the lights ignited by the first two azhwars namely Poigaiazhwar and Bhoodathaazhwar.

(3.3) While Poigaiazhwar said "Emberumaan" is the source of the universe, Bhoodathaazhwar added that the name of the creator is "Naarayanan". But it was Peiazhwar who clearly said "Sriman Narayanan" is that name that these two azhwars are referring to. 

(3.4) This is why he started his "Moondraam Thiruvandaadhi" with "thiru" and ended the prabandham with "thiru" as well. 

(3.5) He is absolutely great (periya) in thamizh that Swami Thiruvarangathu amudhnaar calls him "Thamizh Thalaivan" in Ramanuja Nootrandaadhi. Now, this point is also in "Notru Suvargam" pasuram in the phrase "pandorunaal kootrathin vaay veezhndha kumbakarnanum thotrum". The overall meaning refers to Kumbakarnan losing against a gopika who is sleeping inside whom Andal tries to wake. Sri.U.Ve.P.B.Annagarachariar Swami says that "Kumbakarnan" refers to "Agasthya" munivar. It is because Agasthiya munivar was born out of a Kumbam and so he is known as Kumbakarnan (Kumbathai kaaranamaaga kondu pirandhadhanaal Kumbakarnan endru Agasthiyar ku peyar). Agasthiyar gave thamizh language. Now, "kootrathin vaai veezhnda" means "One who is direction of death or South (direction of yaman)". Agasthiyar was in South because of the legend that in order to restore balance to the earth because North overweighed due to people flocking towards that direction to see Sivan-parvathi marriage. So, the one who is in South and the one who gave the language called thamizh, even that Agasthiyar is nothing in thamizh compared to Peiazhwar. It is because Agasthiyar just gave thamizh, its structure, grammar etc but what Pei azhwar sang was only about Sriman Naarayanan HIMSELF using thamizh that was given by Agasthiyar himself. Thus, Pei azhwar is greater than Agasthiyar.

Anything worth is entirely due to Sri.U.Ve.Dr.Venkatakrishnan swami and anything that does not make sense or is erroneous is purely due to my ignorance in understanding.

Azhwar Emberumaanar Jeeyar Thiruvadigale Saranam

Tuesday, October 23, 2012

Greatness of Swami Pillailokacharyar

Mistakes in this post is purely due to adiyen's ignorance. Credits go to Sri.U.Ve.Dr.Venkatakrishnan Swami and Sri.U.Ve.Velukudi Krishnan swami. This is a product of upanyasams on Swami Pillailokacharyar's works where they talked about the greatness of Swami Pillailokacharyar first followed by the greatness of his work per se. 

Background - Nahi Nindha Nyayam: In our sampradhyam, often times there are comparisons between lot of things. We do find a lot of situations in which they compare two greats, let it be azhwars, acharyas, their works, divyadesams and what not. Both that are compared will be par excellence. However, the focus of the subject matter will be one particular one. So in order to make it stand out, they belittle the other sometimes. This is just to project out the glories of the entity that is the focal point at that point of time. To give an example, when a person is giving a lecture on "Thiruvenkatam", he will tell all the glorious points of Thiruvenkatam. Sometimes, he may go to an extent that even Srirangam did not have this particular quality of azhwars doing saranagathi there. Does that mean Srirangam is less superior? Certainly not. In that particular context, to  project Thiruvenkam, it was said so. Everyone knows that it is the same Perumal who resides in both these divya desams, thanks to "mandhi paai vadavenkata maamalai sandhi seyya nindraan arangathu aravin anayaan" pasuram by Swami Thirupaan azhwar. This particular method of belittling one and glorifying the other is known as "nahi nindha nyayam". 

Let us proceed with this in the background. We shall now compare different persons in a scale to put things in perspective. The two extremes that will be used here is a small atom (parama anu) and a monstrous mountain (parvatham). 

Ordinary Mortals vs Rishis: The comparison scheme starts with us ordinary mortals (dehaathmabhimaanigal) who equate our body and soul to be one and the same. We do not understand that these two are different nor do we appreciate the fact. Thus, we are the lowest and the least in this scale. Now, we compare ourselves with the great maharishis that include the likes of Vishwamithra etc. Can't we immediately see that they are far more superior? Of course they are. He was able to create a new heaven by himself (Trisangu swargam). Even Vasishtar have accepted that he is a"Brahma Gyaani" He is like a big mountain standing before a small atom like us. 

Rishis vs Azhwars: Now, let us compare Vishwamithra to the next in our comparison scheme. If we combine the following 9 azhwars (Poigaiazhwar, bhoodhathaazhwar, peiaazhwar, thirumazhisai azhwar, nammazhwar, kulasekaraazhwar, thondaradipodiazhwar, thirupanazhwar and thirumangaiazhwar) and bundle them as one group, then Vishwamithra pale in comparison to any of these 9 azhwars. Any of these 9 azhwars are like a big mountain infront of Vishwamithra who is like a small atom.

9 Azhwars vs Periyazhwar: Next up is, putting azhwars in perspective. If we put this group of 9 azhwars in the atom level, then Periyazhwar stands like a mountain before any of these 9 azhwars. The reason is that these 9 azhwars pleaded the Lord to come and rescue them to protect themselves. In addition to it, they did "seshathvam" that is comparable to the what Lakshmana did. However, our Periyazhwar, who is comparable to Bharathan, is an epitome of paarathanthriyam. He did exactly as per Lord' wish (vittuchithar ketu irupar). He always worried about the Lord and HIS safety and thus he belongs to an elite group of people who think "I should protect Lord" as opposed the other 9 azhwar's group who think "Lord should protect us". Swami Pillailokachariar puts it crisply in his magnum opus Srivachanabushanam, as "mangalaasaasanam swaroopa viruthamandro ennil gyaana dasayil "rakshya-rakshaka" bhaavam than kappile kidakum, prema dasayile thattu maari kidakum" (Srivachanbushanam choornikai 244)Swami Manavaala Maamunigal captures the glory of Periyazhwar in his Upadesa Rathina Maalai 18th pasuram, "mangalaasaasanathil matrulla aazhwargal thangal aarvathalavu thaan andri pongum parivaale villiputhur battar piraan petraan periyaazhwar ennum peyar"

Periyazhwar vs Madhurakaviazhwar: Now with so much glory to Periyazhwar, we would get a question as to how could someone be even greater than Periyazhwar. Well, there is and there are few more in our comparison scheme. As a recap, remember how tiny we look in front of Periyazhwar now and how much more tinier we are going to look eventually. 

On to our next comparison scheme. Let us scale down Periyazhwar to a size of an atom. Let us see who stands like a big mountain before Periyazhwar  In our srivaishnava sampradhayam, "charama parva nishtai" is revered at a higher pedestal than "Prathama parva nishtai". In simpler words, "Prathama parva nishtai" is a thought that says "My Perumal is everything to me and I will serve him". "Charama parva nishtai" is "Perumal's devotees are everything to me and thus they are my true Lord and I will go ahead and serve them forever". The reason for this is because, even Perumal HIMSELF says that HE is pleased when his devotee do service to HIS devotee and HIS devotee's devotee and so on. This is known as "charama parva nishtai" and the persons who were in this level were Madhurakaviazhwar, Andal, Shatrughnan, Vaduganambigal etc. Shatrughnan treated his brother Bharatha (to whom Rama was everything) as everything to him. To be in this same thought forever, the only thing that might serve as his enemy was "Rama bhakti". Since the "Rama bhakti" was enemy (shatru), he was named as "Shatrughnanan". 

Azhwars vs Acharyas:The next level of comparison gets even more interesting. How can be some one be more greater than these azhwars themselves. They are the highest epitome of Krishna bhakti and thus the very name of "azhwars" befits them perfectly. Anyways, let us scale down these elite group of persons who stand in "charama parva nishtai" as a small atom. Now, who can be greater than these azhwars? Only the acharyas can be. The reason is that if not for the acharya's great commentaries on azhwar's works, azhwar's works would have remained a piece of work not to be touched and rendered useless. Hence acharyas are a mountain in front of the atom called azhwars.

Anumaathra Prasannacharyas vs Krupaamathra Prasannacharyas:  Between acharyas, there are two types namely "Anumaathra Prasannacharyars" and "Krupaamathra Prasannacharyars". "Anumaathra Prasannacharyars" are those acharyas who give out the meaning only after testing the stern, resolve and commitment of the one who wants to learn. They do not give away the meanings just like that to anyone. Examples of these types of acharyas includes Thirukotiyur Nambi who made Swami Ramanujar travel 18 times by foot from Srirangam to Thirukoshtiyur. However, the category of "Krupaamathra Prasannnacharyars" are those who give out the meanings of esoteric purports of azhwars to anyone who just has love and interest to learn it. Swami Ramanujar is the first acharya of this kind who gave the meanings of Thirumanthram to all those who wanted to learn. It is a common misconception that Swami Ramanujar gave it to all who went in the street. He will never do it. He asked all those who wanted to know the meaning to assemble and then he gave away the meaning, even after knowing that he had promised his acharyan that he might go to hell if he told the meanings to anyone.  Swami Ramanujar was all "karunai personified". Thus "Krupaamathra prasannacharyars are a mountain before the atom called "Anumaathra prasannacharyars"

Krupaamathra Prasannacharyas who wrote granthams vs those who did not: Among the whole group of "Krupaamathra Prasannacharyars", those who have written granthams are a mountain before all the other Krupaamathra Prasannacharyas who have not done any granthams. The reason is that unless there is a grantham, people do know the true meanings of the esoteric purports of azhwar's divine works. It is out of their extreme compassion that they have blessed us with their commentaries. 

Krupamaathra Prasannacharyas who wrote granthams based on Sanskrit Vedam vs Dravida Vedam:  Even among those who Krupamaathra prasannacharyars who have blessed us with granthams,  those who have given granthams based on Nalayira Divya Prabandham is a mountain compared to those who have written about Sanskrit vedantham. The reason is that Sanskrit Vedas is a huge ocean and one cannot completely read it in one's life time. One needs to relate different parts of it together in a coherent manner. Not only that, people can be easily confused by it. For example, Vedas advocate absolute dualism sometimes and absolute non-dualism sometimes. However, the correct way is to reconcile them together that may be given in a small line somewhere much later. So possibilities and opportunities for confusions are abound. However, "nalayira dhivya prabandham", that is a collection of 4,000 pasurams of all 12 azhwars do not present any confusion whatsoever because all of them speak about the same Supreme God Sriman Narayanan. There is not a place of inconsistency or misinterpretations in it . For this the 12 azhwars are referred to as "pesitre pesum eka kantragal" or "those who share the same throat". 

Krupamaathra Prasannacharyas who wrote granthams based on Rahasyams vs others: Among those krupaamaathra prasannacharyas who have blessed us with granthams based on Nalayira Dhiyva prabandham. those who focused primarily on core tenets like "Rahasya thryam", "Thathva thrayam", "artha panchakam", "prapanna lakshanam" are like a mountain in front of those who just wrote grantham on everything else about nalayira dhivya pranbandham. Azhwar's nalayira dhiyva prabandham though it talks about Sriman Narayanan, there are some places where azhwars talks about stuffs like description of a particular place, nature, scold people because of devathaanthara sambadham, describe certain stories about duryodhanan etc, though at the end they end up glorifying Perumal. These are not needed for the athma directly and so take a backseat when it is compared with rahasya thryams and thathva thrayams and that forms the core of the core.

This is the highest mountain and there cannot be anything greater than this. Swami Pillailokacharyar, Swami Azhagiya Manavaala Perumal Nayanaar, Swami VilaanjolaiPillai, Swami Arulala Perumal Emberumanaar and the like are on this elite creme league where just acharyas of this stature fit in comfortably without any question. Swami Pillailokacharyar's works are all beyond any words and they address directly about rahasya thrayam, thathva thryam, artha panchakam and basic srivaishnava qualities. He did not talk about anything else in his granthams. In fact, he has done 8 works for rahasyra thryam alone that includes thani pranavam, thani dwayam, thani charamam, yaadrichukapadi, sriyapathipadi, mumukshupadi, parandhapadi and sara sangraham. He has done 5 for thathva thrayam that includes thathva thrayam, artha panchakam, thathva sekaram, premaya sekaram and archiradi. The last set of 5 talked about the qualities of a prapanna and essence or srivaishnavam and includes samsara samrajyam, navavidha sambandham, nava rathnamaalai, prapanna parithraanam and srivachanabushanam.

Extrapolating the comparison scheme: In fact, Sri.U.Ve.Dr.M.A.Venkatakrishnan Swami  would extrapolate this comparisons to two more levels. First are those who wrote commentaries to Swami Pillailokacharyar's works. They include the likes of Swami Manavaala Maamunigal etc. As a matter of fact, unless we have the vyakyanam we cannot understand it. The last step is that because at this era where people find hard to read and understand even the great Swami Manvaala Maamunigal's vyakyanam, acharyas like Sri.U.Ve. Kanchi Prathivaadham Bhayankaram Annagarachariar Swami who explains the vyakhyanams to laymen like us are infact the greatest mountain of all the mountains that we have seen so far. 

But for those great mahans, there is simply no scope for all ignorant persons like us to even know what is moksham, kainkraym, prapathi etc. We cannot even imagine our dire situations sans them. 

Mangalaasaasanams to our great lineage of azhwars and acharyas.
Azhwar Emberumaanar Jeeyar Thiruvadigale Saranam

Thursday, October 11, 2012

26 Thathvam

Creation is mind boggling process. It makes one feel awe-struck but Perumal performs it effortlessly with HIS sankalpa shakti. He creates the universe and waits anxiously for HIS consorts' approval and appreciation. She just lifts her eyebrows a little as a sign of acknowledgement and that makes Perumal happy. Anyway, all the things that HE creates in this universe falls into these thathvams which we shall focus in this post.

There are 26 "thathvams" in this universe. "Thathvam" is a concept/phenomenon/entity. They are listed below. Anything and everything in this universe falls into these. 1-24 are all "non-conscious" thathvams or more commonly referred as "achit thathvam". The way Perumal created and organized these are absolutely amazing. These 24 can be split into 20+4. The first 20 is broken down into 4 groups of 5 each. Swami Nammazhwar in his 10-7-10 Thiruvaimozhi pasuram summarizes these 24 in this line:

"பொங்கைம்புலனும்  பொறியைந்தும்  கருமேந்திரியம் ஐம்பூதம் 
இங்கு இவ்வுயிரே பிரகிருதி மானாங்கார மனங்களே "

PANCHA BOOTHAMS:
  1. Aakaasam also referred as "kam" (Sky)
  2. Vaayu (Wind)
  3. Agni (Fire)
  4. Appu (Water)
  5. Prithvi (Earth)
PANCHA THANMAATHRAMS
  1. Shabdham
  2. Sparsam
  3. Roopa
  4. Rasam
  5. Gantham
PANCHA GYANA INDRIYAMS
  1. Ear (associated with shabdam)
  2. Skin (associated with sparsam)
  3. Eye (associated with roopam)
  4. Tongue (associated with rasam)
  5. Nose (associated with gantham)
PANCHA KARMA INDRIYAMS
  1. Vaaku (Mouth)
  2. Paani (Hands)
  3. Paadham (leg)
  4. Paayu (Jala dwaram- to excrete urine)
  5. Upastham (mala dwaram - to excrete faeces)
4 OTHER ACHIT THATHUVAMS
  1. Moola Prakruthi
  2. Mahaan
  3. Ahankaaram
  4. Manasu
2 CHIT THATHUVAMS
  1. Jeevaathma (everyone that has consciousness excluding Sriman Naarayanan)
  2. Paramaathama (Sriman Naarayanan)
EVOLUTION
As we saw earlier, the first 20 are classified into 4 groups of 5 each. The first group is known as the "Pancha bootham". The order and the manner in which Perumal created them is pretty amazing.

Firstly, HE created the sky (space/ether). This has only one attribute namely the sound and hence it is associated with the first thanmaathram "shabdam". To listen to a sound, one needs ear and thus "Sky-Shabdam-Ear" are associated entities. Each panchabootham has an associated thanmaathram and an associated Gyana indiriyam.

Secondly, Perumal created "Air/Wind/Vaayu" from the sky. In doing so, HE took 50% of sky's attributes and mixed it with air's one attribute namely "sparsam". We all know that "air" is there in our space. It not only occupies space but also can be felt. Hence, "air" can be thought of as a mixture of 50% sky + 50% air.We need the second thanmaathram namely "skin" to feel the wind. So, continuing on the same logic above, we can see that "Air-Sparsam-Skin" are an associated entities.

Thirdlly, He created "fire" from the above two namely "sky" and "air". He took 25% of attributes from sky, another 25% of attribute from "air" and then mixed them with fire's own attribute namely the "roopam". "roopam" is fire's unique attribute though sky/space and air is present in it implicitly. We can see fire, it occupies space and we can feel it as well. Thus, "Fire-Roopam-Eye" is the next association, as we need "eye" to see fire's attribute namely "roopam".

Fourth, from fire, HE created water  whose unique attribute is "rasam" or taste. Water retains the attributes of "shabdam", "sparsam" and "roopam" because those are its predecessors. In addition to it, it has a unique attribute namely "rasam" that is present only in water and not in any of the above three namely "sky", "air" or "fire". We need tongue to taste any object and thus "Water-Rasam-Tongue" are another entity association.

Finally, he created the prithvi or "earth" that retains all its four predecessors's attributes namely "shabdam-sparsam-roopam-rasam". In addition to it, earth's unique attribute is "gandham" or "smell".So, we can see that earth occupies space, it can be felt, it can be seen, it has a taste and finally it can be smelt also. We cannot smell water because it is a predecessor of earth. We need "nose" to smell and thus, "Earth-Gandham-Nose" is the last of the entitiy association".

TAKE AWAY: Perumal created all these. He not only created them but HE is present in all of these as well. He is antharyami to space, air, fire, water and earth. Without HIM, each of them will not be what it is and cannot do its role. Our entire body is made of these pancha bootham. It is very interesting to note that the panch bootham when they are present separately, it remains as such forever. But when they are combined into one form, its life span reduces drastically. For example, if we want to cook rice, we need earth first in which we can keep the cooker. We need air without which we cannot ignite fire. We need fire which is very vital. Without water, we cannot cook any rice. So we need to have water and finally we need space where rice can get heated and cooked. We leave some space so that it gets cooked properly. And finally we get rice. But it is good only for a few days. After that it starts to decay. However, if the space, air, fire, water and earth were kept separately, it would remain forever. This is exactly how our human body is made of and hence we all come with an "Expiry Date" tag attached to us. The worst part is that we do not know what is our "expiry date". Medicines are better since we know when it will expire :-)

So, before our expiry date occurs, it is upto us to realize who we are, why we were created and what is our purpose. We are to seek the Lotus feet of our acharyan , surrender and that only can take us to the Lotus feet of Perumal. Swami Nammazhwar goes one more step and say not before expiry date but he stresses that we should do it before our youth is over, in his Thiruvaimozhi 2-10-1 pasuram :

கிளரொளி இளமை கெடுவதன் முன்னம் 
வளரொளி மாயோன் மருவிய கோவில்
வளரிளம் பொழில் சூழ் மாலிருஞ்சோலை
தளர் விலராகில்  சார்வதுசதிரே

P.S: - There is another way to count the thathvams as pointed out by Swami Pillailokacharyar in his Thathva Thrayam. The only difference is that he includes a thathvam called time or "kaala thathvam" as 25th achit thathvam and then 26th is jeevathma thathvam and finally 27th is Paramaathma thathvam.